În lume mai există doar 170 de grame de batracotoxină (BTX), conform raporturilor recente. Aceasta se regăseşte în pielea broaştei săgeată otrăvită, iar toxina este atât de puternică încât un miligram poate ucide între 10 şi 20 de oameni.
Modul său unic prin care atacă organismul uman ar putea ajuta cercetătorii să descopere noi medicamente. Însă broasca este pe cale de dispariţie, aceasta producând toxina doar atunci când se hrăneşte cu ce găseşte în sălbăticie.
O echipă de cercetători a patentat o cale de sintetizare a toxinei, precum şi a izomerului optic.
BTX este o neurotoxină care deschide canalele de ioni de sodium. Aceste canale, când funcţionează corect, permit trecerea semnalelor electrice către muşchi şi nervi.
Astfel, oamenii pot merge sau respira. Atunci când BTX acţionează asupra canalelor de ioni de sodiu, acestea rămân deschise. Acţiunea duce la contractarea corpului victimei, inima fiind un muşchi sub influenţa BTX, aceasta se opreşte.
Noua cercetare ar putea ajuta oamenii de ştiinţă să realizeze anestezice locale mult mai eficiente.
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